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Currently the automotive industry has been under extremely important technological changes. Part of these changes are related to the way that users interact with the vehicle and fundamental components are the new digital cluster and screens. These devices have created a disruption in the way information is transmitted to the user, being essential for vehicle operation, including safety. Due to new operating conditions, multiple evaluations need to be performed, one of them is the solar temperature Load to ensure correct operation without compromising user safety. This test is required to identify the thermal performance on the screens mounted on the instrument panel. The performance identification is performed on both sides, analytical and physical. In regards finite element simulation it represents the solar chamber as the main source of heat and being the main mechanism of transmission the radiation.

Contemporary cutting-edge technologies, such as automated driving brought up vital questions about safety and relativized the safety assurance and acceptance criterion on different aspects. New risk assessment, evaluation, and acceptance justifications are required to assure that the assumptions and benchmarking are made on a reasonable basis. While there are some existing risk evaluation methods, most of them are qualitative in nature and are subjective. Moreover, information such as the safety performance indicators (SPIs) of the sensors, algorithms, and actuators are often not utilized well in these methods. To overcome these limitations, in this paper we propose a risk quantification methodology that uses Bayesian Networks to assess if the residual risk is reasonable under a given scenario.

The author has been conducting research on UV based photocatalytic air purifier systems for the past 5 years to eliminate living organic germs, bacteria, pathogens, etc. from the cabin air. An HVAC system has been developed by using a filter impregnated by titanium di-oxide (TiO2) with UV lights to improve and maintain cabin air quality. The author has designed and constructed a 3rd generation HVAC unit for cabin air purification for automobiles that is based on UV photocatalytic process by using UV-C LEDs to eliminate viruses that typically exist in conditioned space. The author has conducted tests with HVAC unit to determine power consumptions of air purification systems. An HVAC unit that employs a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air filter) filter is compared with the same HVAC unit with UV & titanium dioxide based photocatalytic system. The pressure drops of the HEPA, particulate and TiO2 filters have been investigated that contribute to the overall energy consumption.

In 2020, CARB adopted the low NOX omnibus ruling, which provided revisions to on-road heavy duty engine compliance standards and certification practices. As part of the updates to the regulation, CARB has introduced a new in-use vehicle testing process that broadens the operation modes tested and considers the manufacturer’s intended vehicle application. Compared to the previous method, or the Not-to-Exceed approach, cold start and low ambient temperature provisions were included as part of the updates. The inclusion of low temperature operation requires the OEMs to design a robust engine and aftertreatment package that extends NOX conversion performance. The following work discusses the NOX emissions performance impact in a low temperature ambient environment. The engine and aftertreatment system evaluated was designed to comply with CARB’s low NOX regulations. The cycles tested included the CARB Southern NTE cycle and an FTP-LLC protocol.

As electrified powertrains trends towards the new norm in development, the need to consider modular development approaches becomes more prevalent. Modular system developments seek to offer an adaptable product range by considering each system component (transmission, e-motor, inverter, battery, etc.) and system element (park-lock, disconnect, differential, etc.) as interchangeable. This can result in a lower cost development process overall to increase the returns for tier1 suppliers by expanding the marketability of the platform. Such an approach has hitherto held relatively low commercial interest as the rate of technological advancement negated the benefits of a modular development due to the lack of long-term competitivity. Previously large technological advances between successive productions and the relatively limited EV market, centred around SUV and small car applications, reduced the value in committing to a platform development.

In relative terms, graphene has the highest level of heat and electrical conductivity, protects against ultraviolet rays, and is the strongest material ever measured. These properties have made graphene an attractive potential material for a variety of applications, particularly for transportation-related uses, and especially for automotive engineering. The goal of drastically reducing greenhouse gas emissions has prioritized the electrification of transportation, the decarbonization of industry, and the development of products that require less energy to make, last longer, and are fully recyclable. The Role of Graphene in Achieving e-Mobility in Automotive Applications reviews the current state of graphene-related automotive applications, it also identifies the technological challenges facing engineers that look to benefit from graphene’s attractive properties. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Aerospace manufacturing is improving its productivity and growth by expanding its capacity for production by investing in new tools and more equipment to provide additional capacity and flexibility in the face of widespread supply disruptions and unpredictable demand. However, the cost of such measures can result in increased unit costs. Alternatively, productivity and quality can be improved by utilizing available resources better to reach optimal performance and react to emerging disruptions and changes. Elastic Manufacturing is a new paradigm that aims to change the response behavior of firms to meet sudden market demands based on automated analysis of the utilization of the available resources, and autonomous allocation of capacity to use resources in the most efficient manner. Through digitalization of the shopfloor, streaming data from equipment enables companies to identify areas for improvement and boost the efficiency without large capital expenditure.

The electromagnetic compatibility problem of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has become increasingly prominent with its continuous development to high power and high torque. To solve this problem, this paper adopts a method based on the establishment of body structure and windings of the PMSM to analyze its electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The radiation stimulus source is acquired by establishing the control model of the PMSM drive system under different driving conditions in Simulink and Carsim. The EMR model of the whole vehicle is established in FEKO by creating winding models and importing three-dimensional (3D) mesh models of the vehicle body and PMSM. The field circuit co-simulation and transmission line method are used in this paper. Finally, we can obtain the electric field radiation strength at different detection points under different driving conditions. The simulation results correspond with the EMR theory and electromagnetic shielding theory.

Obtaining and analyzing indicator diagrams are mandatory procedures stipulated by the technical operating rules for most types of marine engines. For this purpose a whole arsenal of mechanical and electronic indicating devices of periodic or continuous action is created. Information on the results of engine indications in bench tests are usually provided by the manufacturer in the form of bitmaps. This complicates the process of using them as reference diagrams necessary for comparison with real diagrams obtained during operation using electronic diagnostic systems. Changes in approaches to logistics operations in maritime transport have imposed a number of limitations, narrowing the use of indicator methods. The tendency to reduce the commercial speed of ships makes it impossible to take indicator diagrams on the specified modes of operation. As a result, the effectiveness of using indicator diagrams for assessing the current technical condition is drastically reduced.

FRP composites are considered potential materials for electric vehicle body parts. Researchers are constantly working to improve the properties of these materials using a variety of methods. In this work, laminates are treated at cryogenic temperature to enhance their properties. A multi-layer composite material reinforced with glass fiber and carbon fiber in different orientations was prepared. Tensile properties such as ultimate tensile strength, tensile Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio of flat laminates were determined by static tension tests based on the ASTM D3039 standard. The low-velocity impact test was performed using a drop-weight impact test to determine the peak load, energy absorbed, and deformation values. The Young’s modulus and Poison’s ratio value of the treated and untreated glass-epoxy laminate material were studied and compared. The damaged area of the specimen was calculated by taking an x-ray image of the test specimen.

Advanced two-dimensional (2D) materials discovered in the last two decades are now being produced at scale and are contributing to a wide range of performance enhancements in engineering applications. The most well-known of these novel materials is graphene, a nearly transparent nanomaterial comprising a single layer of bonded carbon atoms. In relative terms, it has the highest level of heat and electrical conductivity, protects against ultraviolet rays, and is strongest material ever measured. These properties have made graphene an attractive potential material for a variety of applications, particularly for transportation related uses, and especially for aerospace engineering. The Role of Graphene in Achieving e-Mobility in Aerospace Applications reviews the current state of graphene-related aerospace applications and identifies the technological challenges facing engineers that look to benefit from graphene’s attractive properties.

This paper takes the single-phase full-bridge power converter of the power generation system of the free-piston engine of the incremental electric vehicle (EV) as the research object. By establishing the three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic radiation simulation model of the power converter, the electromagnetic radiation field of the power converter is simulated and analyzed by using the equivalent excitation source method. The shielding and suppression effect of the power converter shell on the far-field radiated electromagnetic field and its influence on the internal electromagnetic field are analyzed. The shielding cover of the radiation source and sensitive source of the power converter is designed, and the effectiveness of the electromagnetic radiation shielding device for shielding the radiation source and sensitive source is discussed.

Recent advancements in eVTOL aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry. One promising application is for last-mile (and middle-mile) military transport and logistics, which can complement current mission capabilities and enhance operational readiness. With the dynamic and varying global challenges facing military operations, eVTOL aircraft can offer timely, on-demand, and potentially cost-effective aerial mobility components to the overall solution.

To achieve decarbonization through means such as energy-efficient vehicles, active travel, and electrified road freight, solutions must reduce upstream demands on supply chains. However, even taking such a path, the energy transition will massively increase demand for raw materials such as cobalt, nickel, platinum group metals, and rare earth elements. Many of the metals can be largely substituted if required, so they are not truly critical to decarbonization. Critical Metals, Sourcing, and Long Supply Chains: Constraints on Transport Decarbonization discusses how lithium, silver, and copper are much more difficult to replace, and the energy transition is highly likely to depend on them. Greatly increased and more geographically dispersed investments in mineral extraction are vital. Governments must support this by giving investors clear signals about the rate of the transition, geological survey data, accelerated permits, and government backed finance.

The market penetration of highly automated agricultural vehicles in crop farming and arable environments is still very low. However, the unsettled issues and market barriers stem from three main topics. The first is the technical development and appropriate framework conditions for hardware and software required for autonomous field vehicles. The second is the regulatory framework needed to facilitate investment by manufacturers and users. Finally, the third topic is the willingness of the user to accept the non-deterministic systems that are common in agricultural practices today. Autonomous Field Robotics is a joint report between SAE International and the German Institute for Standardization (DIN) developed to enable relevant stakeholders—including users, regulators, researchers, and manufacturers, among others—to discuss the barriers facing automated agricultural vehicles.

Light detection ranging (LiDAR) is commonly used to make high-resolution maps by using ultraviolet, visible, or near-infrared light to image objects. It can target a wide range of materials, with many applications, such as in surveying and accident reconstruction. LiDAR-like systems combine laser-focused imaging with the ability to calculate distances by measuring the time for a signal to return using various electronic sensors. LiDAR data capturing has been conducted and verified from many types of equipment manufacturers, however, little research has compared the FARO Terrestrial Laser Scanner and the LiDAR sensor of an iPad Pro. This study compares these two types of equipment addressing ease-of-use, effectiveness, and cost; where the Terrestrial Laser Scanner will be the control for this study. A statistical evaluation was performed of LiDAR data acquired from nine damaged vehicles and one undamaged vehicle.

The advanced lifestyle demands materials that are light and robust, and aluminum and its alloys are commonly used in various engineering components due to their exceptional properties such as light weight, enhanced strength, and being economically affordable. Due to their superior mechanical properties, such as strength and flexibility, are commonly used in various industrial applications. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are very essential materials used in several applications as they are more robust and harder than any conventional material. In this study, a metal matrix composite made of aluminum and Boron Nitride (BN) is investigated to analyze its various properties. The study is performed by using Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM). The three independent parameters of the composite are its pulse on time, peak current, and pulse off time. The study aims to analyze the effects of various process variables on the desired performance of the metal matrix composite.

Currently, the Aviation industry uses traditional methods of communication, coordination, & human interaction to give disposition to resolve any kind of nonconformance occurrences which occur during manufacturing or operation of commercial or defense products. This involves increased in-person interaction and additional travel, especially to address the nonconformance issues arising at supplier plants or airports around the globe. During Covid and post-Covid environments, human interactions for the transfer of detailed information at different & distant manufacturing plant locations has been difficult, since support engineering teams (Example: Liaison, Product Review, Quality, Supplier Quality, and Manufacturing Engineering, and/or Service Engineering) have been working remotely.

Fun to drive, pick-up of vehicle, high acceleration feeling of vehicle, time to reach max velocities are some parameters prevailing in the passenger vehicle market. In addition to focusing on information about fuel economy declared by manufacturer, the customer also has drivability related criteria in his mind. Although drivability is subjective, it can be judged by using various parameters like maximum speed, pick-up feeling, overtaking acceleration, time to reach 0 – 100 km/h or 0 – 60 km/h, etc. While comparing two vehicles of the same segment, one vehicle may perform better on some of the parameters while losses on others. To decide overall drive performance of a vehicle based on various measured performance related parameters, a methodology is defined. This will help to understand the overall performance of a vehicle holistically and to compare its performance with other vehicles in a better way.

Hybrid and electric powertrains are experiencing a consistent growth in the automotive field demonstrating their effectiveness in reducing pollutant emissions especially in urban areas. Recently these technologies started to be investigated in the field of work machineries as possible solution to meet increasingly stricter regulations on pollutant emissions. The construction field was the first to recognize the benefits of a partial or total electrification of a work machinery. Nowadays, the consolidation of the technology allowed for its consistent diffusion in the more conservative agricultural field where manufacturers are struggling to meet emissions regulations without losing in terms of work performance. Tractors manufacturers are the most affected actors because of the difficulty to integrate bulky gas aftertreatment systems on board of their vehicle.